Stage 4: Overt proteinuria

出自KMU Wiki

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當前修訂版本

• 10-15th year
• Dipstick (+) proteinuria
  • Proteinuria >500 mg/day
  • Macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion>300 mg/day)
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Hyperkalemia
  • type IV RTA
• Hypertension
• A consequence of DN and a risk factor for the progression of DN
• Progressive GFR ↓
  • 50% become ESRD within 5-10 yrs
• "Normally sized” kidneys even in chronic renal failure
• Diabetic retinopathy
  • 90% in type 1 DM
  • 60% in type 2 DM
• Bland urinary sediment