Overt (macroalbuminuria)

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  • 10-15th year
  • Dipstick (+) proteinuria, urinary albumin excretion > 300 mg/g creatinine or proteinuria > 500 mg/g creatinine
  • Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is common, K ↑ (type IV renal tubular acidosis), hypertension
  • GFR decreases linearly, ESRD within 5-10 years
  • Renal failure (RF)
  • “Normally sized” kidneys even in CRF
  • Retinopathy
  • Present in most cases
  • Bland urinary sediment
取自"http://wiki.kmu.edu.tw/index.php/Overt_%28macroalbuminuria%29"