第五講:空間視覺與形狀知覺

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[編輯] Spatial Vision and Form Perception

  • 一張圖片開始
    • Dr. Angry and Mr. Smile:Philippe G. Schyns*, Aude Oliva*
  • 視覺三大工作(辨識上)
    • Detection(偵測)
      • Pick out and object from its surroundings.
    • Discrimination (區分)
      • Distinguish one from another.
    • Identification (識別)
      • Identify particular object (or person).
  • 日常生活的視覺
    • 在擁擠的停車場內尋找紅色的Miata車子(課本例子)
      • Discriminate red from others
      • Identify your car from others
      • 這些是瞬間、輕易完成
  • Visual difference
    • Color
    • Movement
    • Shape
    • Depth
    • Spatial properties(空間特性)
    • Form, visual pattern(視覺空間樣式?)
    • Early vision(「神經」早期視覺)
  • Spirit in Mars
    • 2004-1-4
      • Sashimi(生魚片)
    • Spirit
    • 登陸艇
    • 機械臂
    • Adirondack
      • 形狀類似美國阿爾崗金族印第安人的帳篷故得名
      • get a X-ray
  • What defines 『form』?
    • Have any Universal law for form?「形狀」有普世規則嗎?
    • Component(基本元件) of form
      • Analytic introspection(內省分析法)
        • Structuralist的手段
        • 曾經發現40,000個sensational element(感覺元素) (Boring, 1942)
  • Local analysis
    • scale
    • Coarse scale and fine scale
      • Smile woman(coarse) and unsmile man(fine)
    • puzzle in fine
    • puzzle in coarse
  • What is the unit of scale?
    • Sinusoidal grating(正弦波柵)
  • What are gratings?
    • Four defining characteristics(特徵)
      • Saptial frequency(空間頻率)
        • Cycles per degree (visual angle)
          • 在一臂之遠圖5.6具有1.0cycle/degree
      • Contrast(對比)
        • 0~100%
          • Printing 約90%
      • Orientation(方位)
      • Spatial phase(空間相位)
  • Spatial phase
    • phase在相加時效果
  • Grating 的加成
    • 影像加成
    • 自然情境的加成
      • Coarse to fine
  • Gratings and contrast sensitivity
    • Measure performance(表現)
  • Cut-off frequency
    • Transfer function (遞變函數)
  • Fourier analysis
    • Discrete Fourier Transform analysis 間斷傅立葉傳換分析
  • Fourier synthesis(合成)
    • 分析的反向
      • 如:方波
    • 介紹一本書
      • 世界第一簡單傅立葉分析
  • Human contrast sensitivity function(對比敏感函數)
    • Contrast thresholds and contrast sensitivity function (CSF)
    • Photopic mesopic and scotopic
    • Species difference(種間差異) —experiment
    • Species difference—data
    • infant view—preference looking
      • infant view – 模擬
    • aging
    • Structural basis of CSF
      • selective adaptation(選擇性適應)
    • Selective adaptation
      • 原理
        • 回家實驗看看
  • Effect of spatial frequency
    • Low and high
    • Mosaic 瑪塞克
    • How to make mosaic
    • Discrimination??
  • Contrast normalization
    • nature scenes
  • Form discrimination
    • metamers
  • Contour and SF
    • size after effect(大小後效)
    • 實驗
    • limit for discrimination
      • orientation / size difference
  • texture difference
    • texture
    • figure and ground(圖形與背景)
    • Treisman's experiment
      • pop-out
    • Pop-up effect(跳出效果)
    • Artist Ellsworth Kelly(1950)
    • 3D structure (Op art)
  • figure / ground
    • figure ground separation
  • configural superiority(結構優勢)
    • experiment of Pomerantz (1981)
  • Gestalt
    • Köhler (1920)
      • 我們不是在看每一片斷的東西;而是在看各部分間以某一些特定關係與其他部分聯結的結果。
        • 課本p184右邊
      • configural superiority 可以用以上的話來思考
    • Gestalt principles
      • Proximity(接近律)
        • Proximity – Glass pattern
      • Similarity(相似律)
      • Closure (封閉律)
      • good continuation (好的連續)—in nature
        • good continuation—Geisler's model
        • Geisler's model—computer vs human
      • does proximity promote or retard distinguish ?(接近律是增加或阻礙區分?)
      • Symmetry(對稱律)
        • Symmetry 另一件事例
      • symmetry / complexity
        • symmetry reduce complexity
    • Symmetry
      • 新瓶裝舊酒
        • low SF of fig 5.48
  • 補充美美的:)
    • CHUCK CLOSE
  • 補充資料
    • 舊文章 有關空間頻率
    • 請回去看一下
    • 有益無害:)

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