Syndrome

出自KMU Wiki

• Asymptomatic urinary abnormalities:
  • Asymptomatic hematuria/proteinuria, pyuria, casts, crystals
• Acute nephritic syndrome (aGN):
  • Hematuria (± RBC casts), (mild to moderate) proteinuria, pyuria, azotemia (GFR ↓) in days, HT, edema, oliguria, sometimes causes RPGN
• Rapidly progressive GN (RPGN):
  • aGN with azotemia in weeks~3 months (subacute renal failure), oliguria, HT, edema, hematuria, proteinuria, pyuria, casts
  • Usually crescentic GN (>50% glomeruli with crescents)
• Acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI):
  • Azotemia in days; oliguric or non-oliguric, hypertension, edema
• Basement membrane syndrome
  • Hematuria, proteinuria, renal failure
• (Chronic GN: a poorly defined entity)
  • Hematuria/proteinuria ± HT >3 months
• Nephrotic syndrome (NS):
  • Proteinuria >3.5 g/1.73 m²/day; hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia (esp. hypercholesterolemia), casts, lipiduria, edema
• Chronic kidney disease (CKD):
  • Stage 1-5 (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² or proteinuria), > 3 months.
• Chronic renal failure (CRF):
  • Azotemia>3 months; urine broad waxy casts (“renal failure casts”), uremic symptoms, proteinuria, hematuria, urine casts, nocturia, HT, edema, acid-base/electrolyte dis.
• Uremia (acute or chronic): Azotemia + uremic syndrome
• ESRD (end-stage renal disease): CKD stage 5D or chronic dialysis
• Renal tubule defects:
  • Electrolyte and acid-base dis., polyuria, nocturia, renal transport defects, renal calcification or stone, normal-sized kidneys; hematuria, proteinuria (usually <1 g/24 hours), nocturia, bone pain, rickets