第十四講:The Cutaneous Senses
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(修訂版本間差異)
在2014年1月15日 (三) 18:34所做的修訂版本 (編輯) Woody (對話 | 貢獻) (→Braille alphabet) ←上一個 |
在2014年1月15日 (三) 18:37所做的修訂版本 (編輯) (撤銷) Woody (對話 | 貢獻) (→Measuring Tactile Acuity) 下一個→ |
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==Measuring Tactile Acuity== | ==Measuring Tactile Acuity== | ||
- | + | *參照第343頁 figure 14.6 | |
===Receptor and Tactile Acuity=== | ===Receptor and Tactile Acuity=== | ||
- | + | *參照第343頁 figure 14.7 | |
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- | [[Image:14.13.jpg]][[Image:14.14.jpg]] | ||
===acuity=== | ===acuity=== | ||
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===Two Point Acuity=== | ===Two Point Acuity=== | ||
- | + | *參照第344頁 figure 14.8 | |
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===tactile stimulation=== | ===tactile stimulation=== | ||
*刺激形式與acuity | *刺激形式與acuity | ||
- | [[Image:14.18.jpg]] | ||
====Two point threshold==== | ====Two point threshold==== | ||
- | + | *參照第344頁 figure 14.9 | |
====Receptive field and cortex==== | ====Receptive field and cortex==== | ||
- | + | *參照第345頁 figure 14.10 | |
====Perceiving Vibration==== | ====Perceiving Vibration==== | ||
- | + | *參照第345頁 figure 14.11 | |
===Perceiving Texture=== | ===Perceiving Texture=== | ||
- | + | *參照第346頁 figure 14.12 | |
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====Texture and vibration==== | ====Texture and vibration==== | ||
- | + | *參照第347頁 figure 14.13 | |
===Exploratory Procedures (EPs)=== | ===Exploratory Procedures (EPs)=== | ||
- | + | *參照第349頁 figure 14.14 | |
*Haptics | *Haptics | ||
===Physiology of Tactile Object Perception=== | ===Physiology of Tactile Object Perception=== | ||
- | + | *參照第349頁 figure 14.15 | |
==Thalamus receptive field== | ==Thalamus receptive field== |
在2014年1月15日 (三) 18:37所做的修訂版本
目錄
|
觸覺的重要性
- 最確實的感覺
- 全身最後的防護前哨
- 最強力的人際溝通
- 與發展也有關
觸覺人際溝通
- 社會溝通
- 西方vs東方
- culturally specific
- 西方vs東方
觸覺特性
- Reality(真實)
- complex abilities
- Helen Keller對外界的主要管道
- receptor
- Mechanoreceptors (機械感受器)
Touch qualities
- firmness
- 硬度—用壓的
- shape
- 形狀—尋求軌跡(用姆指與食指)
- smoothness
- 平滑度--滑過表面(用手掌)
sensitivity
- 最早測量
- Max Von Frey (1896)
- 用hair
- 最好lips,fingertips次之
- 最差背(back)腹部(stomach)
- vibrate
- 200Hz最佳
receptor properties接受器特性
- temporal (時間)
- slowly adapting(慢適應) (SA) fibers
- rapidly adapting (快適應)(RA) fibers
- spatial (空間)
- Punctate(點狀) fibers
- Diffuse(擴散)fibers
四種組合
- SA-diffuse
- SA-punctate
- RA-diffuse (PC, Pacinian corpuscle)
- RA-punctate
receptor of touch
- Meissner corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Merkel disks
- Ruffini endings
- free nerve endings
Receptors
- 參照第339頁 figure 14.1
- 參照第340頁 figure 14.2
觸覺神經通路
- 參照第340頁 figure 14.3
Somatosensory cortex
- 參照第341頁 figure 14.4
homunculus
- 一個小人
somatosensory cortex
- rat
- 注意whiskers
重覆刺激!
Braille alphabet
- 參照第342頁 figure 14.5
Braille
- Louis Braille在19世紀發明
- Braille好處
- 中文點字
Measuring Tactile Acuity
- 參照第343頁 figure 14.6
Receptor and Tactile Acuity
- 參照第343頁 figure 14.7
acuity
- touch acuity(觸覺解析度)
- two-point thresholds(兩點覺閾)
- two-point threshold
- 在finger <2mm
- forearm (前臂)~30mm
- back (背)~70mm
- Localization(定位)
- Sensitivity(敏感), acuity(解析), localization
Two Point Acuity
- 參照第344頁 figure 14.8
tactile stimulation
- 刺激形式與acuity
Two point threshold
- 參照第344頁 figure 14.9
Receptive field and cortex
- 參照第345頁 figure 14.10
Perceiving Vibration
- 參照第345頁 figure 14.11
Perceiving Texture
- 參照第346頁 figure 14.12
Texture and vibration
- 參照第347頁 figure 14.13
Exploratory Procedures (EPs)
- 參照第349頁 figure 14.14
- Haptics
Physiology of Tactile Object Perception
- 參照第349頁 figure 14.15
Thalamus receptive field
Receptive field in somatosensory cortex
Grasp in Parietal cortex
Tactile attention
Nociceptive receptors
Phantom limb
Gate control model
gate control theory cont.
- 由於按摩及振動等,Aβ粗纖維受到刺激後,使T細胞興奮,傳導至分支 的同時也使SG細胞興奮,於是到達T細胞前粗纖維和細纖維受到突觸前抑制(pre-synaptic inhibition),因此T細胞興奮受到抑制,不能傳導疼痛。
針灸
- 針灸可能就是對於表皮深部或肌肉深部間的感受器予以刺激,誘使發出一種非痛覺性(即是不具痛覺的)傳導。
- 此種非痛覺性傳導曾興奮Aα型的粗大知覺神經,依門柵控制假說(gate control theory),而可將C型微細神經所傳來的痛覺信息阻遏住。
MYTHS about pain
- acupuncture
- analgesia(止痛)
- Endorphins腦內啡
- inducing pain
- pain and weather
Condition and pain
Hypnosis
Pain matrix
Physical / Hypnosis pain
Chemicals in the Brain
Pain and Placebo
- placebo effect
Effect of Observing
- Keysers et. al. (2004) fMRI
- Meyer et. al. (2011) watching haptic
Empathy ??
- Singer et. al. (2004)
Pain in Social Situation
- Empathy??
- 蠢動含靈皆有佛性,科學家如是證明
- Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Rats
- 人腦
- p349 figure14.29
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