第十三講:Speech Perception
出自KMU Wiki
(修訂版本間差異)
在2011年12月17日 (六) 22:27所做的修訂版本 (編輯) 98007013 (對話 | 貢獻) (→子音=) ←上一個 |
在2011年12月17日 (六) 23:10所做的修訂版本 (編輯) (撤銷) 98007013 (對話 | 貢獻) (→Sound spectrogram(音譜儀)) 下一個→ |
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[http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/raven/RavenOverview.html 說明與下載] | [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/raven/RavenOverview.html 說明與下載] | ||
- | 語音的分析 | + | ===語音的分析=== |
- | 聽覺系統 | + | *聽覺系統 |
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+ | *(真實情況) | ||
+ | **我唸的 Here we go again. | ||
- | + | *formant / formant transition(共振峰/共振峰過渡) | |
- | formant / formant transition(實際) | + | |
- | Formant transition | + | *formant / formant transition(實際) |
- | 不同子音 | + | |
- | Speech categorization(語音分類) | + | ===Formant transition=== |
- | VOT | + | *不同子音 |
- | Voice Onset Time | + | |
- | VOT實驗 | + | ===Speech categorization(語音分類)=== |
- | Voice onset time | + | *VOT |
+ | |||
+ | ===Voice Onset Time=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===VOT實驗=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Voice onset time=== | ||
以上請先閉眼來聽 | 以上請先閉眼來聽 | ||
- | demo for VOT | + | *[http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/johnm/siphtra/plostut2/plostut2-4.htm demo for VOT] |
- | + | **Bilabial negative | |
- | + | **Bilabial positive | |
- | Voice onset time (實際) | + | |
- | 我唸da ta | + | ===Voice onset time (實際)=== |
- | Information Provided by Face | + | *我唸da ta |
- | McGurk effect | + | |
+ | ===Information Provided by Face=== | ||
+ | [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtsfidRq2tw&NR=1 McGurk effect] | ||
請先閉眼來聽 | 請先閉眼來聽 | ||
接著再看著聽 | 接著再看著聽 | ||
+ | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McGurk_effect WIKI] | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ===Information from Sentence Context=== | ||
+ | *Perceiving word in sentence | ||
+ | **M*R* H*D * L*TTL* L*MB I*S FL**C* W*S WH*T* *S SN*W | ||
+ | ***Mary had a little lamb, Its fleece was white as snow. | ||
+ | |||
+ | *technique of shadowing | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Speech Segmentation | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===sound of the WORD=== | ||
+ | *transitional probabilities 轉移機率 | ||
+ | *statistical learning | ||
+ | |||
+ | *Saffran et al. (1996)的實驗 | ||
+ | **利用infants | ||
+ | **nonsense word 2 minutes | ||
+ | ***如 bidaku, padoti, ... | ||
+ | **後出現a. whole-word b. part-word | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Saffran et al. (1996)=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===top-down / bottom-up=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===cortical location=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===duel-stream model=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===每日一字=== | ||
+ | *卵怎麼注音? | ||
+ | **ㄖㄨㄢˇorㄌㄨㄢˇ | ||
+ | ***motor theory of speech recognition(語音辨識的運動理論) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===motor theory of speech perception=== | ||
- | + | ===Think about=== | |
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- | + | *語音辨識系統 | |
- | + | **Apple iPhone 4S siri | |
- | + | ***[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COLvS68ceQ4 官方廣告] | |
- | + | ***[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dutcfDk_SQo 日本人使用] | |
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- | 語音辨識系統 | + | |
- | Apple iPhone 4S siri | + | |
- | 官方廣告 | + | |
- | 日本人使用 | + | |
- | 語音?聲音?空間辨識 | + | *語音?聲音?空間辨識 |
- | sound spectrogram | + | **sound spectrogram |
- | 永 | + | ***永 |
- | Obama | + | ***Obama |
在2011年12月17日 (六) 23:10所做的修訂版本
何時開始?
- 語言
- 智人(Homo sapiens)之前
- 多久之前?
- 演化的想法
- 音樂
- 歌唱
- 樂器
人類演化
- 演化可能時程
語言特殊性
- 語言是人特有的嗎?
- 語言的定義?
- 創造性
- 可塑性
- 自發性
- .....
- 其他動物的溝通方法
- 語言的定義?
- duplex theory (雙重論) —Liberman(1982)
發聲器官
- 語音的產生是由肺呼出空氣,空氣經由聲帶(vocal cords)震動、經過不同發聲器官(articulators),包括軟顎(soft palate)、硬顎(hard palate)、舌頭(tongue)、牙齒(teeth)、嘴唇(lips)的加壓或阻斷,而產生不同的語音
呼吸與吞嚥
- 呼吸與吞嚥是不能兼顧的
- 吃飯時不要講話!
- 聲帶
Sound spectrogram
- 音譜儀
- formants
phonemes
- 音素(音位)
- 母音vowel
- 子音consonant
- 每一種語言不同
- 有關鍵期
- 子音/母音
子音
- Articulation(發音)
- place of articulation (發音部位)
- Bilabial (雙唇)
- labio-dental(唇齒)
- Dental(齒)
- Alveolar(齒槽)
- .......place of articulation
- manner of articulation(發音方法)
- Stop(停止音)
- fricative(摩擦音)
- affricate(氣音)
- Nasals(鼻音)
- ......manner of articulation
- place of articulation (發音部位)
Sound spectrogram(音譜儀)
- 畫出聲音
- 三個向度
- Software : Raven
語音的分析
- 聽覺系統
- (真實情況)
- 我唸的 Here we go again.
- formant / formant transition(共振峰/共振峰過渡)
- formant / formant transition(實際)
Formant transition
- 不同子音
Speech categorization(語音分類)
- VOT
Voice Onset Time
VOT實驗
Voice onset time
以上請先閉眼來聽
- demo for VOT
- Bilabial negative
- Bilabial positive
Voice onset time (實際)
- 我唸da ta
Information Provided by Face
McGurk effect 請先閉眼來聽 接著再看著聽 WIKI
Information from Sentence Context
- Perceiving word in sentence
- M*R* H*D * L*TTL* L*MB I*S FL**C* W*S WH*T* *S SN*W
- Mary had a little lamb, Its fleece was white as snow.
- M*R* H*D * L*TTL* L*MB I*S FL**C* W*S WH*T* *S SN*W
- technique of shadowing
- Speech Segmentation
sound of the WORD
- transitional probabilities 轉移機率
- statistical learning
- Saffran et al. (1996)的實驗
- 利用infants
- nonsense word 2 minutes
- 如 bidaku, padoti, ...
- 後出現a. whole-word b. part-word
Saffran et al. (1996)
top-down / bottom-up
cortical location
duel-stream model
每日一字
- 卵怎麼注音?
- ㄖㄨㄢˇorㄌㄨㄢˇ
- motor theory of speech recognition(語音辨識的運動理論)
- ㄖㄨㄢˇorㄌㄨㄢˇ
motor theory of speech perception
Think about
- 語音?聲音?空間辨識
- sound spectrogram
- 永
- Obama
- sound spectrogram