神經退化性疾病
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== 神經退化性疾病種類 == | == 神經退化性疾病種類 == | ||
- | Alexander's | + | Alexander's disease亞歷山大症<br>進行性腦灰質萎縮Alper's disease <br>阿茲海默症Alzheimer's disease <br>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis <br>毛細血管擴張性共濟失調綜合症Ataxia telangiectasia <br>Batten disease (also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease) <br>Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) <br>Canavan disease <br>Cockayne syndrome <br>Corticobasal degeneration <br>Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease <br>Huntington's disease <br>HIV-associated dementia <br>Kennedy's disease <br>Krabbe's disease <br>Lewy body dementia <br>Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3) <br>Multiple sclerosis <br>Multiple System Atrophy <br>Narcolepsy <br>Neuroborreliosis<br>Parkinson's disease <br>Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease <br>Pick's disease <br>Primary lateral sclerosis <br>Prion diseases <br>Refsum's disease <br>Sandhoff's disease <br>Schilder's disease <br>Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to Pernicious Anaemia <br>Schizophrenia <br>Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease (also known as Batten disease) <br>Spinocerebellar ataxia (multiple types with varying characteristics) <br>Spinal muscular atrophy <br>Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease <br>Tabes dorsalis <br> |
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- | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis <br> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Batten disease (also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease) <br> | + | |
- | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) <br> | + | |
- | Canavan disease <br> | + | |
- | Cockayne syndrome <br> | + | |
- | Corticobasal degeneration <br> | + | |
- | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease <br> | + | |
- | Huntington's disease <br> | + | |
- | HIV-associated dementia <br> | + | |
- | Kennedy's disease <br> | + | |
- | Krabbe's disease <br> | + | |
- | Lewy body dementia <br> | + | |
- | Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3) <br> | + | |
- | Multiple sclerosis <br> | + | |
- | Multiple System Atrophy <br> | + | |
- | Narcolepsy <br> | + | |
- | Neuroborreliosis<br> | + | |
- | Parkinson's disease <br> | + | |
- | Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease <br> | + | |
- | Pick's disease <br> | + | |
- | Primary lateral sclerosis <br> | + | |
- | Prion diseases <br> | + | |
- | Refsum's disease <br> | + | |
- | Sandhoff's disease <br> | + | |
- | Schilder's disease <br> | + | |
- | Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to Pernicious Anaemia <br> | + | |
- | Schizophrenia <br> | + | |
- | Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease (also known as Batten disease) <br> | + | |
- | Spinocerebellar ataxia (multiple types with varying characteristics) <br> | + | |
- | Spinal muscular atrophy <br> | + | |
- | Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease <br> | + | |
- | Tabes dorsalis <br> | + | |
+ | <br> | ||
== 治療 == | == 治療 == |
在2008年3月27日 (四) 21:25所做的修訂版本
神經退化性疾病 Neurodegenerative disease
神經退化性疾病是一種腦部及脊髓細胞失去功能的症狀。腦部及脊髓的是由神經元所構成,負責不同功能,例如運動、處理訊息、進行判定。由於神經元的惡化或是髓鞘隨著時間而失去功能,都可能會造成神經退化性疾病。因為腦部及脊髓細胞不易大量再生,所以只要一受損便可能造成永久性的傷害。根據對表型的影響,神經退化性疾病可大致分為兩種類型。
1. 造成動作問題,如運動失調症(ataxia)
2.造成記憶問題,如老年失智症(dementia)
一種稱為普因蛋白的蛋白質,其轉譯後不能被修飾成正常的構型,使得細胞失去功能,進一步在正常蛋白質中引起相同的構型改變。最後,這一連串的損害造成了嚴重的神經退化。在人類當中,普恩蛋白會造成庫賈氏病(Creutzfeldt-JaKob Disease)或是變種庫賈氏病(variant CJD or Mad Cow Disease)。
一般來說,神經退化性疾病患者通常需要經過一段長時間後,才會有症狀出現。病患可能要經過數個月或數年才能感受到其影響。通常是在很多細胞死亡或是細胞功能停止,以及一部份腦部開始失去功能之後,此時,症狀才會被注意到。各種類型的神經退化性疾病有各自的特徵,通常好發於中年或老年人,且隨著時間症狀會更加嚴重。
現在,在神經發炎中,藉由免疫系統調控小膠質細胞或產生此細胞的過程,受到密切研究其在神經退化性疾病的地位。最近,研究更指出食品添加劑味精(Monosodium Glutamate, MSG)可能會造成神經退化性疾病。
目錄 |
神經退化性疾病種類
Alexander's disease亞歷山大症
進行性腦灰質萎縮Alper's disease
阿茲海默症Alzheimer's disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
毛細血管擴張性共濟失調綜合症Ataxia telangiectasia
Batten disease (also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease)
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
Canavan disease
Cockayne syndrome
Corticobasal degeneration
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Huntington's disease
HIV-associated dementia
Kennedy's disease
Krabbe's disease
Lewy body dementia
Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3)
Multiple sclerosis
Multiple System Atrophy
Narcolepsy
Neuroborreliosis
Parkinson's disease
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease
Pick's disease
Primary lateral sclerosis
Prion diseases
Refsum's disease
Sandhoff's disease
Schilder's disease
Subacute combined degeneration of spinal cord secondary to Pernicious Anaemia
Schizophrenia
Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten disease (also known as Batten disease)
Spinocerebellar ataxia (multiple types with varying characteristics)
Spinal muscular atrophy
Steele-Richardson-Olszewski disease
Tabes dorsalis
治療
最初的治療要靠著此潛在疾病是否能被診斷出來。然而,到目前無止,相較於廣泛的神經退化性疾病,只有很少的治療方法存在。例如,左多巴雖然能短期抑制帕金森氏症的症狀,然而會轉而造成症狀的加速。研究者也正嘗試發展出阿茲海默症的療法,期望能在診斷及治療時期,使病患保有此時期認知能力。
幹細胞技術及幹細胞療法,還有基因療法皆有大量研究投入。
目前,生物標記的技術也被應用在了解某些特定類型神經性退化疾病的機轉上。理論上,若可以辨認相關的生物標記,病患可在症狀產生之前就進行治療,使病患的正常機能壽命獲得重大的延長。然而,生物標記技術在發展初期,而且神經退化性疾病傾向在病人已經受到大量神經受損之後,才會出現,因此往往耽誤了治療的黃金時期。