第四講:Cortical Organization
出自KMU Wiki
(修訂版本間差異)
在2013年11月6日 (三) 10:22所做的修訂版本 (編輯) Woody (對話 | 貢獻) (→Modularity) ←上一個 |
在2013年11月6日 (三) 10:23所做的修訂版本 (編輯) (撤銷) Woody (對話 | 貢獻) 小 (→腦內空間組織) 下一個→ |
||
第22行: | 第22行: | ||
[[Image:04brain.png]] | [[Image:04brain.png]] | ||
[[Image:04brain2.png]] | [[Image:04brain2.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Maps in Striate Cortex=== | |
*大腦皮質部 | *大腦皮質部 | ||
**Columnar structure | **Columnar structure | ||
第31行: | 第31行: | ||
**single cell recording (早期) | **single cell recording (早期) | ||
**brain imaging (近期) | **brain imaging (近期) | ||
- | + | ===Hubel and Wiesel (1965)實驗結果=== | |
[[Image:04Maps in Striate Cortex.png]] | [[Image:04Maps in Striate Cortex.png]] | ||
[[Image:04Maps in Striate Cortex2.png]] | [[Image:04Maps in Striate Cortex2.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Brain Imaging=== | |
*PET ( positron emission ) | *PET ( positron emission ) | ||
**正子電腦斷層掃描 | **正子電腦斷層掃描 | ||
第42行: | 第42行: | ||
**subtraction technique | **subtraction technique | ||
**減法! | **減法! | ||
- | + | ===Brain scanning=== | |
[[Image:04Brain scanning.png]] | [[Image:04Brain scanning.png]] | ||
*subtraction technique | *subtraction technique | ||
第48行: | 第48行: | ||
*Retinotopic maps and Cortical magnification factor by brain imaging | *Retinotopic maps and Cortical magnification factor by brain imaging | ||
[[Image:04Retinotopic maps.png]] | [[Image:04Retinotopic maps.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Cortical magnification 示意圖=== | |
[[Image:04Cortical magnification.png]] | [[Image:04Cortical magnification.png]] | ||
====Topographic map in cortex==== | ====Topographic map in cortex==== | ||
[[Image:04Topographic map in cortex.png]] | [[Image:04Topographic map in cortex.png]] | ||
- | + | ===cortical magnification 實驗=== | |
[[Image:042-deoxyglucose.png]] | [[Image:042-deoxyglucose.png]] | ||
- | + | ==Columnar Structure== | |
*Hubel and Wiesel 所整理 | *Hubel and Wiesel 所整理 | ||
**location column | **location column | ||
第67行: | 第67行: | ||
*orientation column 當電極斜插時 | *orientation column 當電極斜插時 | ||
[[Image:04orientation column2.png]] | [[Image:04orientation column2.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Orientation columns in a Location column=== | |
[[Image:04Orientation columns3.png]] | [[Image:04Orientation columns3.png]] | ||
- | + | ===ocular dominance column(單眼優勢)=== | |
[[Image:04ocular dominance column.png]] | [[Image:04ocular dominance column.png]] | ||
*Hubel and Wiesel 之Hypercolumn | *Hubel and Wiesel 之Hypercolumn | ||
第76行: | 第76行: | ||
**blobs cell 泡泡細胞 | **blobs cell 泡泡細胞 | ||
[[Image:04blobs cell.png]] | [[Image:04blobs cell.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Columns and hypercolumns=== | |
*Hypercolumn by De Valois and De Valois | *Hypercolumn by De Valois and De Valois | ||
[[Image:04Hypercolumn by De Valois and De Valois.png]] | [[Image:04Hypercolumn by De Valois and De Valois.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Representation in V1=== | |
*Representation | *Representation | ||
**假想在各層次之資訊表達的方式 | **假想在各層次之資訊表達的方式 | ||
第88行: | 第88行: | ||
*Representation示意圖 | *Representation示意圖 | ||
[[Image:04Representation.png]] | [[Image:04Representation.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Scenes in V1=== | |
*[[Image:04Scenes in V1.png]] | *[[Image:04Scenes in V1.png]] | ||
*[[Image:04Scenes in V12.png]] | *[[Image:04Scenes in V12.png]] | ||
*[[Image:04Scenes in V13.png]] | *[[Image:04Scenes in V13.png]] | ||
- | + | ==Streams== | |
*Neural Pathway | *Neural Pathway | ||
**大腦中資訊流向 | **大腦中資訊流向 | ||
第103行: | 第103行: | ||
*Brain Ablation | *Brain Ablation | ||
[[Image:04Brain Ablation.png]] | [[Image:04Brain Ablation.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Visual pathway=== | |
[[Image:04Visual pathway.png]] | [[Image:04Visual pathway.png]] | ||
- | + | ===Dorsal 與Ventral怎麼分?=== | |
[[Image:04dorsal & ventral.png]] | [[Image:04dorsal & ventral.png]] | ||
- | + | ==Neuropsychology== | |
*神經心理學 | *神經心理學 | ||
**不是生理心理學 | **不是生理心理學 |
在2013年11月6日 (三) 10:23所做的修訂版本
目錄 |
Cortical Organization
Seeing as an active process
- 我們看東西是被動的嗎?
- 錯覺輪廓 illusory contour
- 差在那裡?
- 邊界傾斜
- 雙可圖形
- Rubin's vase
- 視覺解釋及記憶
- 前面四張圖的結論
- 我們所見不是只有光學影像本身我們用眼睛及再加....來看本章主題就是........是什麼?
腦內空間組織
Maps in Striate Cortex
- 大腦皮質部
- Columnar structure
- 功能上(似乎解剖上亦是)在皮質區有一類型的組織稱為柱狀組織(columnar structure)
- 同柱狀中之細胞功能類似
- 不同柱狀間功能有差異
- 研究方法
- single cell recording (早期)
- brain imaging (近期)
Hubel and Wiesel (1965)實驗結果
Brain Imaging
- PET ( positron emission )
- 正子電腦斷層掃描
- fMRI ( functional magnetic resonance imaging )
- 功能性磁振造影
- 方法
- subtraction technique
- 減法!
Brain scanning
- subtraction technique
- Retinotopic maps and Cortical magnification factor by brain imaging
Cortical magnification 示意圖
Topographic map in cortex
cortical magnification 實驗
Columnar Structure
- Hubel and Wiesel 所整理
- location column
- orientation column
- ocular dominance column
- Hypercolumn
- location column之同一location例
- orientation column之一例
- orientation column 當電極斜插時
Orientation columns in a Location column
ocular dominance column(單眼優勢)
- Hubel and Wiesel 之Hypercolumn
- color
- blobs cell 泡泡細胞
Columns and hypercolumns
- Hypercolumn by De Valois and De Valois
Representation in V1
- Representation
- 假想在各層次之資訊表達的方式
- 亦可視為「計算過程」
- 希望把資訊由硬體(大腦)獨立出來,即可由不同的硬體(如電腦)表現同質的東西
- 實際表現
- 大腦神經興𡚒情況
- Representation示意圖
Scenes in V1
Streams
- Neural Pathway
- 大腦中資訊流向
- What, Where and How
- Dorsal pathway
- Where and How
- Ventral pathway
- What
- Brain Ablation
Visual pathway
Dorsal 與Ventral怎麼分?
Neuropsychology
- 神經心理學
- 不是生理心理學
- Dissociation
- p. 85 table 4.1
- single / double dissociation
- 單一人/多個人
- D.F.的例子
- rod and frame illusion 可以應用在正常人上的多種管道現象
- 另一個正常人實驗
Modularity
- 在striate cortex之後尤其在IT (inferotemporal cortex)
- 有針對複雜刺激反應的區域
- 如
- FFA (fusiform face area)臉
- PPA (parahippocampal place area)空間配置
- EBA (extrastriate body area)去除臉的身體
- 且這些地方異常會出問題
- prosopagnosia 面孔失認
Tanaka (1991)的研究
IT與FFA的位置
FFA 在fMRI 的表現
也是在IT
- Face, body, places
- 更進一步腦內反應
Vision與 Memory
- Neuron in MTL
神經如何特化
- Neural Specialization
- neural selectivity by Evolution
- theory of natural selection
- neural shaped by Experience
- Gauthier et. al. (1999)
- “Greeble
- neural selectivity by Evolution
Greebles 的辨識之腦中表現在訓練前後
high order vision
- vision is constructive(視覺是建構的)
- context dependent 情境相依
- integration of local features(整合局部特徵)
- 這是手指嗎?