心理實驗法第十四講:Ethics of research

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Ethics of Research

目錄 1 規範 1.1 PREAMBLE（序文） 1.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLES 1.3 1. Resolving Ethical Issues 1.4 2. Competence 1.5 3. Human Relations 1.6 4. Privacy And Confidentiality 1.7 5. Advertising and Other Public Statements 1.8 6. Record Keeping and Fees 1.9 7. Education and Training 1.10 8. Research and Publication 1.11 9. Assessment 1.12 History and Effective Date Footnote 2 心理學專業人員倫理準則

規範

• American Psychological Association(APA)
• Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct(2002)資料
  • | APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct(2002)
• 台灣心理學會（心理學專業人員倫理準則）
• 沿革在後面

PREAMBLE（序文）

• Psychologists

Psychologists are committed to increasing scientific and professional knowledge of behavior and people’s understanding of themselves and others and to the use of such knowledge to improve the condition of individuals, organizations, and society.

• This Ethics Code

This Ethics Code is intended to provide specific standards to cover most situations encountered by psychologists.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

• Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence（有益且無害）
• Principle B: Fidelity and Responsibility（忠實且負責）
• Principle C: Integrity（誠實）
• Principle D: Justice（公平）
• Principle E: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity（保護他人的權利及尊嚴）

1. Resolving Ethical Issues

要解決的道德問題

• 1.01 Misuse of Psychologists’ Work
• 1.02 Conflicts Between Ethics and Law,.....
• 1.03 Conflicts Between Ethics and Organizational Demands
• 1.04 Informal Resolution of Ethical Violations（違反）
• 1.05 Reporting Ethical Violations
• 1.06 Cooperating With Ethics Committees
• 1.07 Improper Complaints（不恰當的控訴）

2. Competence

職責（職權）

• 2.01 Boundaries of Competence

based on their education, training, supervised experience, consultation, study, or professional experience.
With scientific or professional knowledge
undertake relevant education, training,...
Well trained to provide service
protect clients/patients
reasonably familiar with the judicial or administrative rules

• 2.02 Providing Services in Emergencies
• 2.03 Maintaining Competence
• 2.04 Bases for Scientific and Professional Judgments
• 2.05 Delegation of Work to Others
• 2.06 Personal Problems and Conflicts

3. Human Relations

• 3.01 Unfair Discrimination
• 3.02 Sexual Harassment
• 3.03 Other Harassment
• 3.04 Avoiding Harm
• 3.05 Multiple Relationships

a professional role with a person and other relationships with same person
finds that to resolve it with the Ethics Code.
to minimize harm

• 3.06 Conflict of Interest
• 3.07 Third-Party Requests for Services
• 3.08 Exploitative Relationships
• 3.09 Cooperation With Other Professionals
• 3.10 Informed Consent

using language that is reasonably understandable
無法給于時（如未成年）
anticipated services（事前）
書面或口頭之許可及同意

4. Privacy And Confidentiality

• 4.01 Maintaining Confidentiality
• 4.02 Discussing the Limits of Confidentiality

合理可行的範圍內為之，除非有明白理由限制
小心information via electronic transmission inform

• 4.03 Recording

錄音、錄影前取得許可

• 4.04 Minimizing Intrusions（干擾） on Privacy

• 4.05 Disclosures開示

Client, or 其代表人
不經當事人
By law
needed professional services
protect from harm
disclosure is limited to the minimum that is necessary.....

• 4.06 Consultations with colleagues
• 4.07 Use of Confidential Information for Didactic(教學) or Other Purposes

5. Advertising and Other Public Statements

• 5.01 Avoidance of False or Deceptive Statements
• 5.02 Statements by Others
• 5.03 Descriptions of Workshops and Non-Degree-Granting Educational Programs
• 5.04 Media Presentations
• 5.05 Testimonials感謝狀（當見證用）
• 5.06 In-Person Solicitation引誘

6. Record Keeping and Fees

• 6.01 Documentation of Professional and Scientific Work and Maintenance of Records
• 6.02 Maintenance, Dissemination, and Disposal of Confidential Records of Professional and Scientific Work
• 6.03 Withholding Records for Nonpayment
• 6.04 Fees and Financial Arrangements
• 6.05 Barter With Clients/Patients
• 6.06 Accuracy in Reports to Payors and Funding Sources

7. Education and Training

• 7.01 Design of Education and Training Programs
• 7.02 Descriptions of Education and Training Programs
• 7.03 Accuracy in Teaching
• 7.04 Student Disclosure of Personal Information
• 7.05 Mandatory Individual or Group Therapy
• 7.06 Assessing Student and Supervisee Performance
• 7.07 Sexual Relationships With Students and Supervisees

8. Research and Publication

• 8.01 Institutional Approval
• 8.02 Informed Consent to Research

psychologists inform participants
purpose of the research
right to decline and to withdraw
foreseeable consequences預知結果
potential risks, discomfort,.....
......

• 8.03 Informed Consent for Recording Voices and Images in Research
• 8.04 Client/Patient, Student, and Subordinate Research Participants
• 8. Research and Publication cont.
• 8.05 Dispensing(免 )With Informed Consent for Research

With no harm
normal educational practices,
anonymous questionnaires, naturalistic observations
factors related to job and no risk
permitted by law

• 8.06 Offering Inducements for Research Participation
• 8.07 Deception欺騙 in Research

學術上必要才可
避免cause physical pain or emotional distress
explain any deception no later than at the conclusion of the data collection

• 8.08 Debriefing職務報告

correct any misconceptions of participants
If delaying or withholding reduce the risk of harm.
research procedures have harmed

• 8.09 Humane Care and Use of Animals in Research
• 8.10 Reporting Research Results
• 8.11 Plagiarism剽竊
• 8.12 Publication Credit
• 8.13 Duplicate Publication of Data
• 8.14 Sharing Research Data for Verification
• 8.15 Reviewers

9. Assessment

• 9.01 Bases for Assessments
• 9.02 Use of Assessments
• 9.03 Informed Consent in Assessments
• 9.04 Release of Test Data

provide test data to the client/patient or other persons identified in the release
absence of a client/patient release, psychologists provide test data only as required by law or court order.

• 9.05 Test Construction
• 9.06 Interpreting Assessment Results
• 9.07 Assessment by Unqualified Persons
• 9.08 Obsolete Tests and Outdated Test Results過時
• 9.09 Test Scoring and Interpretation Services
• 9.10 Explaining Assessment Results
• 9.11. Maintaining Test Security

省略第10章10. Therapy

History and Effective Date Footnote

• American Psychological Association. (1953). Ethical standards of psychologists. Washington, DC: Author.
• American Psychological Association. (1959). Ethical standards of psychologists. American Psychologist, 14, 279-282.
• American Psychological Association. (1963). Ethical standards of psychologists. American Psychologist, 18, 56-60.
• American Psychological Association. (1968). Ethical standards of psychologists. American Psychologist, 23, 357-361.
• American Psychological Association. (1977, March). Ethical standards of psychologists. APA Monitor, 22-23.
• History and Effective Date Footnote cont.
• American Psychological Association. (1979). Ethical standards of psychologists. Washington, DC: Author.
• American Psychological Association. (1981). Ethical principles of psychologists. American Psychologist, 36, 633-638.
• American Psychological Association. (1990). Ethical principles of psychologists (Amended June 2, 1989). American Psychologist, 45, 390-395.
• American Psychological Association. (1992). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 47, 1597-1611.

• Case study 1
  • Milgram（1963）
    • 服從
      • 角色
        • • 實驗者
          • 實驗參與者
          • 同謀（confederate）

• • 請搜尋「電椅大風吹」

pic1

• Case study 2
  • Zimbardo
    • 1971年 Stanford University
    • 21自願者隨機分兩組
      • 囚犯
        • 管理員

• Case study 3
  • 白曉燕綁架撕票案
    • 兇手
      • 陳進興
    • 自稱諮商師
      • 于白儂
    • 晤談多次，過程集結成書
      • • 「瘋馬」﹣﹣﹣自行出版

心理學專業人員倫理準則

• 壹、基本倫理準則
• 貳、論文的撰寫與發表
• 參、以人類為實驗參與者的心理學研究
• 肆、以兒童作為實驗參與者的心理學研究
• 伍、動物實驗
• 陸、測驗、衡鑑與診斷
• 柒、心理治療與諮商
• 捌、諮詢與社會服務
• 玖、倫理準則之執行

台灣心理學會（心理學專業人員倫理準則）

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