第十二講:Sound Localization and the Auditory Scene
出自KMU Wiki
(修訂版本間差異)
在2011年12月8日 (四) 11:54所做的修訂版本 (編輯) 98007013 (對話 | 貢獻) (→silent vs noise gaps) ←上一個 |
當前修訂版本 (2014年1月15日 (三) 18:22) (編輯) (撤銷) Woody (對話 | 貢獻) (→Connection hearing and vision) |
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(19個中途的修訂版本沒有顯示。) | |||
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+ | ==日常生活中的聲音== | ||
+ | *參照第290頁 figure 12.1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==localization : vision and hearing== | ||
+ | *參照第291頁 figure 12.2 | ||
===聽覺定位的三個向度=== | ===聽覺定位的三個向度=== | ||
- | + | *參照第291頁 figure 12.3 | |
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===實驗室=== | ===實驗室=== | ||
- | + | ====sound localization data==== | |
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- | = | + | |
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===Interaural time difference=== | ===Interaural time difference=== | ||
- | + | *參照第292頁 figure 12.4 | |
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===Interaural level difference=== | ===Interaural level difference=== | ||
- | + | *參照第292頁 figure 12.5 | |
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===不同方位角、不同頻率之ILD=== | ===不同方位角、不同頻率之ILD=== | ||
- | + | *參照第293頁 figure 12.6 | |
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===localization confusion定位混淆=== | ===localization confusion定位混淆=== | ||
- | *cone of | + | *參照第294頁 figure 12.7 |
- | + | *cone of confusion(混淆圓錐 | |
- | + | ==pinnas== | |
*pinnas | *pinnas | ||
- | + | ===再看pinna的效果=== | |
- | + | *示意圖 | |
+ | *參照第294頁 figure 12.8 | ||
===模子=== | ===模子=== | ||
*利用「模子」塞住,影響在於高度 | *利用「模子」塞住,影響在於高度 | ||
- | + | *參照第295頁 figure 12.9 | |
- | === | + | ==Auditory pathway== |
- | + | *參照第296頁 figure 12.10 | |
+ | *Superior Olivary nucleus | ||
+ | *Inferior colliculus | ||
+ | *Medial geniculate nucleus | ||
+ | *Primary auditory cortex(A1) | ||
+ | ===Auditory cortex=== | ||
+ | *參照第297頁 figure 12.11 | ||
+ | *Primary auditory cortex | ||
+ | *Core area | ||
+ | *Belt area | ||
+ | *Parabelt area | ||
- | + | ==interaural time difference== | |
*interaural time difference | *interaural time difference | ||
- | [[Image:12.13.jpg]] | ||
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===ITD偵測神經可能機制=== | ===ITD偵測神經可能機制=== | ||
- | + | *參照第297頁 figure 12.12 | |
- | + | ===ITD tuning curves=== | |
+ | *參照第297頁 figure 12.13 | ||
+ | ===哺乳類ITD tuning curves=== | ||
+ | *參照第298頁 figure 12.14 | ||
+ | *Gerbil VS Owl | ||
+ | ===Monkey的情況=== | ||
+ | *參照第298頁 figure 12.15 | ||
===ITD broadly tuned neurons=== | ===ITD broadly tuned neurons=== | ||
+ | *參照第299頁 figure 12.16 | ||
+ | *gerbil 沙鼠 | ||
- | + | ==Where and What== | |
+ | *參照第300頁 figure 12.17 | ||
+ | *Pathway | ||
+ | *in auditory cortex | ||
+ | *參照第300頁 figure 12.18 | ||
+ | *腦傷個案 | ||
+ | *參照第301頁 figure 12.19 | ||
- | + | ==室內的聲音== | |
- | + | *參照第301頁 figure 12.20 | |
+ | ===precedence effect=== | ||
+ | *參照第302頁 figure 12.21 | ||
+ | ===Architectural acoustics 建築聲學=== | ||
- | + | *reverberation time | |
+ | **迴響時間:原來聲音下降60dB的時間 | ||
+ | ***太長:muddled | ||
+ | ***太短:dead | ||
+ | *Intimacy time | ||
+ | **直接與第反射聲音到達時間差 | ||
+ | *Bass ratio | ||
+ | **反射聲音中低頻至中頻聲音的比率 | ||
+ | *Spaciousness factor | ||
+ | **聽者聽到所有非直接的聲音 | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Auditory grouping== | ||
*Auditory scene | *Auditory scene | ||
**環境中聲音是複雜的 | **環境中聲音是複雜的 | ||
第61行: | 第89行: | ||
***都可以分辨的出來 | ***都可以分辨的出來 | ||
***而且經過傳遞(轉換)之後仍可以分辨 | ***而且經過傳遞(轉換)之後仍可以分辨 | ||
- | + | *參照第304頁 figure 12.22 | |
- | + | ===melody=== | |
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- | ===melody=== | + | |
*何謂melody? | *何謂melody? | ||
- | **[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VUeSVjN1cM 先聽一首日本歌 見上げてごらん夜の星を] | ||
- | **[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWkhmUj3A0k 再看影片] | ||
- | |||
- | ===Melody=== | ||
*tempo | *tempo | ||
- | + | *先聽chopan-slow.mp3,再聽chopan-fast.mp3,最後聽 “幻想即興曲.mp4” | |
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- | *先聽chopan-slow. | + | |
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===Principles of Auditory Grouping=== | ===Principles of Auditory Grouping=== | ||
*Location | *Location | ||
- | *Similarity of Timbre and Pitch | + | **Similarity of Timbre and Pitch |
- | **auditory stream segregation | + | ***auditory stream segregation |
- | **scale illusion / melodic channeling | + | ***scale illusion / melodic channeling |
*Proximity in Time | *Proximity in Time | ||
*Auditory continuity | *Auditory continuity | ||
*Experience | *Experience | ||
**melody schema | **melody schema | ||
- | |||
===人所知覺的音樂=== | ===人所知覺的音樂=== | ||
+ | *參照第305頁 figure 12.23 | ||
*Similarity of Timbre and Pitch | *Similarity of Timbre and Pitch | ||
- | + | *參照第305頁 figure 12.24 | |
- | + | ||
===pitch的辨別與組織=== | ===pitch的辨別與組織=== | ||
*auditory stream segregation | *auditory stream segregation | ||
- | [[Image:12.20.jpg]] | ||
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- | [[Image:12.21.jpg]] | ||
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===melody的組織=== | ===melody的組織=== | ||
- | *scale illusion melodic channeling | + | *參照第306頁 figure 12.25 |
- | + | *scale illusion | |
- | + | *melodic channeling | |
===melody的組織(跨耳)=== | ===melody的組織(跨耳)=== | ||
- | *scale illusion melodic channeling | + | *參照第306頁 figure 12.26 |
- | + | *scale illusion | |
- | + | *melodic channeling | |
===silent vs noise gaps=== | ===silent vs noise gaps=== | ||
+ | *參照第307頁 figure 12.27 | ||
*Auditory continuity | *Auditory continuity | ||
- | [[Image:12.24.jpg]] | ||
- | |||
===melody schema=== | ===melody schema=== | ||
+ | *參照第307頁 figure 12.28 | ||
+ | *Schema 的破壞 | ||
+ | **a. three blind mice 部分音提高八度 | ||
+ | **b. three blind mice原曲 | ||
+ | ===Rhythmic pattern=== | ||
+ | *參照第308頁 figure 12.29 | ||
+ | *Rhythmic pattern (韻律) | ||
+ | *Metrical structure (節律) | ||
- | == | + | ==Metrical structure and language== |
+ | *參照第310頁 figure 12.30 | ||
+ | *英文使用者VS日文使用者 | ||
- | === | + | ==Connection hearing and vision== |
+ | *參照第311頁 figure 12.31 | ||
+ | *two-flash illusion | ||
+ | ===Interaction 視/聽=== | ||
+ | *參照第311頁 figure 12.32 | ||
+ | ===視聽聯結=== | ||
+ | *示意圖 | ||
+ | *參照第312頁 figure 12.33 | ||
+ | ===生理資料=== | ||
+ | *參照第312頁 figure 12.34 | ||
+ | *在頂葉的 Receptive field | ||
+ | ===盲人反應=== | ||
+ | *參照第313頁 figure 12.35 | ||
+ | *盲人VS明眼人 | ||
- | + | *返回[[知覺心理學]] | |
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當前修訂版本
目錄 |
[編輯] 日常生活中的聲音
- 參照第290頁 figure 12.1
[編輯] localization : vision and hearing
- 參照第291頁 figure 12.2
[編輯] 聽覺定位的三個向度
- 參照第291頁 figure 12.3
[編輯] 實驗室
[編輯] sound localization data
[編輯] Interaural time difference
- 參照第292頁 figure 12.4
[編輯] Interaural level difference
- 參照第292頁 figure 12.5
[編輯] 不同方位角、不同頻率之ILD
- 參照第293頁 figure 12.6
[編輯] localization confusion定位混淆
- 參照第294頁 figure 12.7
- cone of confusion(混淆圓錐
[編輯] pinnas
- pinnas
[編輯] 再看pinna的效果
- 示意圖
- 參照第294頁 figure 12.8
[編輯] 模子
- 利用「模子」塞住,影響在於高度
- 參照第295頁 figure 12.9
[編輯] Auditory pathway
- 參照第296頁 figure 12.10
- Superior Olivary nucleus
- Inferior colliculus
- Medial geniculate nucleus
- Primary auditory cortex(A1)
[編輯] Auditory cortex
- 參照第297頁 figure 12.11
- Primary auditory cortex
- Core area
- Belt area
- Parabelt area
[編輯] interaural time difference
- interaural time difference
[編輯] ITD偵測神經可能機制
- 參照第297頁 figure 12.12
[編輯] ITD tuning curves
- 參照第297頁 figure 12.13
[編輯] 哺乳類ITD tuning curves
- 參照第298頁 figure 12.14
- Gerbil VS Owl
[編輯] Monkey的情況
- 參照第298頁 figure 12.15
[編輯] ITD broadly tuned neurons
- 參照第299頁 figure 12.16
- gerbil 沙鼠
[編輯] Where and What
- 參照第300頁 figure 12.17
- Pathway
- in auditory cortex
- 參照第300頁 figure 12.18
- 腦傷個案
- 參照第301頁 figure 12.19
[編輯] 室內的聲音
- 參照第301頁 figure 12.20
[編輯] precedence effect
- 參照第302頁 figure 12.21
[編輯] Architectural acoustics 建築聲學
- reverberation time
- 迴響時間:原來聲音下降60dB的時間
- 太長:muddled
- 太短:dead
- 迴響時間:原來聲音下降60dB的時間
- Intimacy time
- 直接與第反射聲音到達時間差
- Bass ratio
- 反射聲音中低頻至中頻聲音的比率
- Spaciousness factor
- 聽者聽到所有非直接的聲音
[編輯] Auditory grouping
- Auditory scene
- 環境中聲音是複雜的
- 即便是在安靜的音樂廳中聽到樂曲
- 其中有不同樂器聲
- 也可能有人咳嗽了
- 都可以分辨的出來
- 而且經過傳遞(轉換)之後仍可以分辨
- 參照第304頁 figure 12.22
[編輯] melody
- 何謂melody?
- tempo
- 先聽chopan-slow.mp3,再聽chopan-fast.mp3,最後聽 “幻想即興曲.mp4”
[編輯] Principles of Auditory Grouping
- Location
- Similarity of Timbre and Pitch
- auditory stream segregation
- scale illusion / melodic channeling
- Similarity of Timbre and Pitch
- Proximity in Time
- Auditory continuity
- Experience
- melody schema
[編輯] 人所知覺的音樂
- 參照第305頁 figure 12.23
- Similarity of Timbre and Pitch
- 參照第305頁 figure 12.24
[編輯] pitch的辨別與組織
- auditory stream segregation
[編輯] melody的組織
- 參照第306頁 figure 12.25
- scale illusion
- melodic channeling
[編輯] melody的組織(跨耳)
- 參照第306頁 figure 12.26
- scale illusion
- melodic channeling
[編輯] silent vs noise gaps
- 參照第307頁 figure 12.27
- Auditory continuity
[編輯] melody schema
- 參照第307頁 figure 12.28
- Schema 的破壞
- a. three blind mice 部分音提高八度
- b. three blind mice原曲
[編輯] Rhythmic pattern
- 參照第308頁 figure 12.29
- Rhythmic pattern (韻律)
- Metrical structure (節律)
[編輯] Metrical structure and language
- 參照第310頁 figure 12.30
- 英文使用者VS日文使用者
[編輯] Connection hearing and vision
- 參照第311頁 figure 12.31
- two-flash illusion
[編輯] Interaction 視/聽
- 參照第311頁 figure 12.32
[編輯] 視聽聯結
- 示意圖
- 參照第312頁 figure 12.33
[編輯] 生理資料
- 參照第312頁 figure 12.34
- 在頂葉的 Receptive field
[編輯] 盲人反應
- 參照第313頁 figure 12.35
- 盲人VS明眼人
- 返回知覺心理學