第十四講:The Cutaneous Senses
出自KMU Wiki
(修訂版本間差異)
在2012年1月8日 (日) 20:17所做的修訂版本 (編輯) 98007013 (對話 | 貢獻) (→homunculus) ←上一個 |
當前修訂版本 (2020年12月16日 (三) 08:28) (編輯) (撤銷) Sakurai (對話 | 貢獻) (→止痛劑) |
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(43個中途的修訂版本沒有顯示。) | |||
第1行: | 第1行: | ||
- | + | ==觸覺的重要性== | |
*最確實的感覺 | *最確實的感覺 | ||
*全身最後的防護前哨 | *全身最後的防護前哨 | ||
第14行: | 第14行: | ||
***culturally specific | ***culturally specific | ||
- | + | *擁抱的效果 | |
+ | **有一種激素 | ||
+ | ***催產素(Oxytocin) | ||
+ | ****減少焦慮、增加平靜、增加信任、減少恐懼... | ||
+ | ****有效的治療自閉症的重複行為 | ||
+ | ***在擁抱行為中可能增加催產素的分泌 | ||
+ | ***沒事抱抱! :D | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==觸覺特性== | ||
*Reality(真實) | *Reality(真實) | ||
*complex abilities | *complex abilities | ||
第37行: | 第45行: | ||
*vibrate | *vibrate | ||
**200Hz最佳 | **200Hz最佳 | ||
+ | ==receptor properties接受器特性== | ||
+ | *temporal (時間) | ||
+ | *slowly adapting(慢適應) (SA) fibers | ||
+ | *rapidly adapting (快適應)(RA) fibers | ||
+ | *spatial (空間) | ||
+ | *Punctate(點狀) fibers | ||
+ | *Diffuse(擴散)fibers | ||
+ | ====四種組合==== | ||
+ | *SA-diffuse | ||
+ | *SA-punctate | ||
+ | *RA-diffuse (PC, Pacinian corpuscle) | ||
+ | *RA-punctate | ||
+ | ====receptor of touch==== | ||
+ | *Meissner corpuscles | ||
+ | *Pacinian corpuscles | ||
+ | *Merkel disks | ||
+ | *Ruffini endings | ||
+ | *free nerve endings | ||
===Receptors=== | ===Receptors=== | ||
- | + | *參照第339頁 figure 14.1 | |
- | + | *參照第340頁 figure 14.2 | |
===觸覺神經通路=== | ===觸覺神經通路=== | ||
- | + | *參照第340頁 figure 14.3 | |
- | ===Somatosensory cortex=== | + | ====Somatosensory cortex==== |
- | + | *參照第341頁 figure 14.4 | |
- | ===homunculus=== | + | ====homunculus==== |
*一個小人 | *一個小人 | ||
[[Image:14.4.jpg]] | [[Image:14.4.jpg]] | ||
- | ===somatosensory cortex=== | + | ====somatosensory cortex==== |
*rat | *rat | ||
*注意whiskers | *注意whiskers | ||
- | + | [[Image:14.5.jpg]] | |
===重覆刺激!=== | ===重覆刺激!=== | ||
+ | [[Image:14.6.jpg]] | ||
- | + | ==Braille alphabet== | |
- | + | *參照第342頁 figure 14.5 | |
- | + | ||
===Braille=== | ===Braille=== | ||
*Louis Braille在19世紀發明 | *Louis Braille在19世紀發明 | ||
+ | [[Image:14.8.jpg]] | ||
*Braille好處 | *Braille好處 | ||
+ | [[Image:14.9.jpg]] | ||
*中文點字 | *中文點字 | ||
+ | [[Image:14.101.jpg]] | ||
+ | [[Image:14.10.jpg]] | ||
- | + | ==Measuring Tactile Acuity== | |
+ | *參照第343頁 figure 14.6 | ||
+ | ===Receptor and Tactile Acuity=== | ||
+ | *參照第343頁 figure 14.7 | ||
- | |||
- | ===Receptor and Tactile Acuity=== | ||
===acuity=== | ===acuity=== | ||
+ | [[Image:14.15.jpg]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Image:14.16.jpg]] | ||
+ | |||
*touch acuity(觸覺解析度) | *touch acuity(觸覺解析度) | ||
*two-point thresholds(兩點覺閾) | *two-point thresholds(兩點覺閾) | ||
第88行: | 第123行: | ||
===Two Point Acuity=== | ===Two Point Acuity=== | ||
- | + | *參照第344頁 figure 14.8 | |
===tactile stimulation=== | ===tactile stimulation=== | ||
*刺激形式與acuity | *刺激形式與acuity | ||
- | ===Two point threshold=== | ||
+ | ====Two point threshold==== | ||
+ | *參照第344頁 figure 14.9 | ||
- | ===Receptive field and cortex= | + | ====Receptive field and cortex==== |
- | + | *參照第345頁 figure 14.10 | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
+ | ====Perceiving Vibration==== | ||
+ | *參照第345頁 figure 14.11 | ||
===Perceiving Texture=== | ===Perceiving Texture=== | ||
- | + | *參照第346頁 figure 14.12 | |
- | + | ====Texture and vibration==== | |
- | + | *參照第347頁 figure 14.13 | |
- | ===Texture and vibration=== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
===Exploratory Procedures (EPs)=== | ===Exploratory Procedures (EPs)=== | ||
+ | *參照第349頁 figure 14.14 | ||
*Haptics | *Haptics | ||
===Physiology of Tactile Object Perception=== | ===Physiology of Tactile Object Perception=== | ||
+ | *參照第349頁 figure 14.15 | ||
- | + | ==Thalamus receptive field== | |
- | + | *參照第350頁 figure 14.16 | |
- | + | ||
===Receptive field in somatosensory cortex=== | ===Receptive field in somatosensory cortex=== | ||
- | + | *參照第350頁 figure 14.17 | |
===Grasp in Parietal cortex=== | ===Grasp in Parietal cortex=== | ||
- | + | *參照第350頁 figure 14.18 | |
===Tactile attention=== | ===Tactile attention=== | ||
+ | *參照第351頁 figure 14.19 | ||
===Nociceptive receptors=== | ===Nociceptive receptors=== | ||
+ | *參照第351頁 figure 14.20 | ||
===Phantom limb=== | ===Phantom limb=== | ||
+ | *參照第352頁 figure 14.21 | ||
===Gate control model=== | ===Gate control model=== | ||
+ | *參照第352頁 figure 14.22 | ||
===gate control theory cont.=== | ===gate control theory cont.=== | ||
*由於按摩及振動等,Aβ粗纖維受到刺激後,使T細胞興奮,傳導至分支 的同時也使SG細胞興奮,於是到達T細胞前粗纖維和細纖維受到突觸前抑制(pre-synaptic inhibition),因此T細胞興奮受到抑制,不能傳導疼痛。 | *由於按摩及振動等,Aβ粗纖維受到刺激後,使T細胞興奮,傳導至分支 的同時也使SG細胞興奮,於是到達T細胞前粗纖維和細纖維受到突觸前抑制(pre-synaptic inhibition),因此T細胞興奮受到抑制,不能傳導疼痛。 | ||
+ | [[Image:14.33.jpg]] | ||
- | ===針灸=== | + | ====針灸==== |
*針灸可能就是對於表皮深部或肌肉深部間的感受器予以刺激,誘使發出一種非痛覺性(即是不具痛覺的)傳導。 | *針灸可能就是對於表皮深部或肌肉深部間的感受器予以刺激,誘使發出一種非痛覺性(即是不具痛覺的)傳導。 | ||
*此種非痛覺性傳導曾興奮Aα型的粗大知覺神經,依門柵控制假說(gate control theory),而可將C型微細神經所傳來的痛覺信息阻遏住。 | *此種非痛覺性傳導曾興奮Aα型的粗大知覺神經,依門柵控制假說(gate control theory),而可將C型微細神經所傳來的痛覺信息阻遏住。 | ||
- | ===MYTHS about pain | + | ===止痛劑=== |
+ | *止痛消炎?(NSAID,非類固醇抗炎藥) | ||
+ | **Aspirin, ibuprofen | ||
+ | ***作用於COX-1,COX-2 | ||
+ | [[Image: Cox12.jpg]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | *其他 | ||
+ | **Acetaminophen | ||
+ | ***作用不明 :p | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==MYTHS about pain== | ||
*acupuncture | *acupuncture | ||
**analgesia(止痛) | **analgesia(止痛) | ||
第150行: | 第197行: | ||
===Condition and pain=== | ===Condition and pain=== | ||
+ | [[Image:14.34.jpg]] | ||
+ | ===Hypnosis=== | ||
+ | *參照第355頁 figure 14.25 | ||
===Pain matrix=== | ===Pain matrix=== | ||
- | + | *參照第355頁 figure 14.24 | |
- | + | ||
===Physical / Hypnosis pain=== | ===Physical / Hypnosis pain=== | ||
+ | *參照第354頁 figure 14.23 | ||
===Chemicals in the Brain=== | ===Chemicals in the Brain=== | ||
- | + | *參照第356頁 figure 14.26 | |
+ | ===Pain and Placebo=== | ||
+ | *參照第357頁 figure 14.27 | ||
+ | *placebo effect | ||
+ | ===Effect of Observing=== | ||
+ | *Keysers et. al. (2004) fMRI | ||
+ | *參照第358頁 figure 14.28 | ||
+ | *Meyer et. al. (2011) watching haptic | ||
+ | *參照第358頁 figure 14.29 | ||
+ | ===Empathy ??=== | ||
+ | *參照第359頁 figure 14.30 | ||
+ | *Singer et. al. (2004) | ||
===Pain in Social Situation=== | ===Pain in Social Situation=== | ||
*Empathy?? | *Empathy?? | ||
第167行: | 第228行: | ||
*人腦 | *人腦 | ||
**p349 figure14.29 | **p349 figure14.29 | ||
+ | |||
+ | 返回[[知覺心理學]] |
當前修訂版本
目錄
|
[編輯] 觸覺的重要性
- 最確實的感覺
- 全身最後的防護前哨
- 最強力的人際溝通
- 與發展也有關
[編輯] 觸覺人際溝通
- 社會溝通
- 西方vs東方
- culturally specific
- 西方vs東方
- 擁抱的效果
- 有一種激素
- 催產素(Oxytocin)
- 減少焦慮、增加平靜、增加信任、減少恐懼...
- 有效的治療自閉症的重複行為
- 在擁抱行為中可能增加催產素的分泌
- 沒事抱抱! :D
- 催產素(Oxytocin)
- 有一種激素
[編輯] 觸覺特性
- Reality(真實)
- complex abilities
- Helen Keller對外界的主要管道
- receptor
- Mechanoreceptors (機械感受器)
[編輯] Touch qualities
- firmness
- 硬度—用壓的
- shape
- 形狀—尋求軌跡(用姆指與食指)
- smoothness
- 平滑度--滑過表面(用手掌)
[編輯] sensitivity
- 最早測量
- Max Von Frey (1896)
- 用hair
- 最好lips,fingertips次之
- 最差背(back)腹部(stomach)
- vibrate
- 200Hz最佳
[編輯] receptor properties接受器特性
- temporal (時間)
- slowly adapting(慢適應) (SA) fibers
- rapidly adapting (快適應)(RA) fibers
- spatial (空間)
- Punctate(點狀) fibers
- Diffuse(擴散)fibers
[編輯] 四種組合
- SA-diffuse
- SA-punctate
- RA-diffuse (PC, Pacinian corpuscle)
- RA-punctate
[編輯] receptor of touch
- Meissner corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Merkel disks
- Ruffini endings
- free nerve endings
[編輯] Receptors
- 參照第339頁 figure 14.1
- 參照第340頁 figure 14.2
[編輯] 觸覺神經通路
- 參照第340頁 figure 14.3
[編輯] Somatosensory cortex
- 參照第341頁 figure 14.4
[編輯] homunculus
- 一個小人
[編輯] somatosensory cortex
- rat
- 注意whiskers
[編輯] 重覆刺激!
[編輯] Braille alphabet
- 參照第342頁 figure 14.5
[編輯] Braille
- Louis Braille在19世紀發明
- Braille好處
- 中文點字
[編輯] Measuring Tactile Acuity
- 參照第343頁 figure 14.6
[編輯] Receptor and Tactile Acuity
- 參照第343頁 figure 14.7
[編輯] acuity
- touch acuity(觸覺解析度)
- two-point thresholds(兩點覺閾)
- two-point threshold
- 在finger <2mm
- forearm (前臂)~30mm
- back (背)~70mm
- Localization(定位)
- Sensitivity(敏感), acuity(解析), localization
[編輯] Two Point Acuity
- 參照第344頁 figure 14.8
[編輯] tactile stimulation
- 刺激形式與acuity
[編輯] Two point threshold
- 參照第344頁 figure 14.9
[編輯] Receptive field and cortex
- 參照第345頁 figure 14.10
[編輯] Perceiving Vibration
- 參照第345頁 figure 14.11
[編輯] Perceiving Texture
- 參照第346頁 figure 14.12
[編輯] Texture and vibration
- 參照第347頁 figure 14.13
[編輯] Exploratory Procedures (EPs)
- 參照第349頁 figure 14.14
- Haptics
[編輯] Physiology of Tactile Object Perception
- 參照第349頁 figure 14.15
[編輯] Thalamus receptive field
- 參照第350頁 figure 14.16
[編輯] Receptive field in somatosensory cortex
- 參照第350頁 figure 14.17
[編輯] Grasp in Parietal cortex
- 參照第350頁 figure 14.18
[編輯] Tactile attention
- 參照第351頁 figure 14.19
[編輯] Nociceptive receptors
- 參照第351頁 figure 14.20
[編輯] Phantom limb
- 參照第352頁 figure 14.21
[編輯] Gate control model
- 參照第352頁 figure 14.22
[編輯] gate control theory cont.
- 由於按摩及振動等,Aβ粗纖維受到刺激後,使T細胞興奮,傳導至分支 的同時也使SG細胞興奮,於是到達T細胞前粗纖維和細纖維受到突觸前抑制(pre-synaptic inhibition),因此T細胞興奮受到抑制,不能傳導疼痛。
[編輯] 針灸
- 針灸可能就是對於表皮深部或肌肉深部間的感受器予以刺激,誘使發出一種非痛覺性(即是不具痛覺的)傳導。
- 此種非痛覺性傳導曾興奮Aα型的粗大知覺神經,依門柵控制假說(gate control theory),而可將C型微細神經所傳來的痛覺信息阻遏住。
[編輯] 止痛劑
- 止痛消炎?(NSAID,非類固醇抗炎藥)
- Aspirin, ibuprofen
- 作用於COX-1,COX-2
- Aspirin, ibuprofen
- 其他
- Acetaminophen
- 作用不明 :p
- Acetaminophen
[編輯] MYTHS about pain
- acupuncture
- analgesia(止痛)
- Endorphins腦內啡
- inducing pain
- pain and weather
[編輯] Condition and pain
[編輯] Hypnosis
- 參照第355頁 figure 14.25
[編輯] Pain matrix
- 參照第355頁 figure 14.24
[編輯] Physical / Hypnosis pain
- 參照第354頁 figure 14.23
[編輯] Chemicals in the Brain
- 參照第356頁 figure 14.26
[編輯] Pain and Placebo
- 參照第357頁 figure 14.27
- placebo effect
[編輯] Effect of Observing
- Keysers et. al. (2004) fMRI
- 參照第358頁 figure 14.28
- Meyer et. al. (2011) watching haptic
- 參照第358頁 figure 14.29
[編輯] Empathy ??
- 參照第359頁 figure 14.30
- Singer et. al. (2004)
[編輯] Pain in Social Situation
- Empathy??
- 蠢動含靈皆有佛性,科學家如是證明
- Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Rats
- 人腦
- p349 figure14.29
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