Reasoning strategies

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在2018年3月14日 (三) 16:59所做的修訂版本 (編輯) Guhjy (對話 | 貢獻) ←上一個		當前修訂版本 (2018年3月14日 (三) 17:29) (編輯) (撤銷) Guhjy (對話 | 貢獻)
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	*[[3. Pattern recognition]]		*[[3. Pattern recognition]]
	**''Expert'' diagnosticians tend to use pattern recognition and algorithmic thinking, but return to hypothetico-deductive reasoning if the first two strategies are unsuccessful. ''Novice'' clinical reasoners tend to use hypothetico-deductive reasoning more often than the other strategies.		**''Expert'' diagnosticians tend to use pattern recognition and algorithmic thinking, but return to hypothetico-deductive reasoning if the first two strategies are unsuccessful. ''Novice'' clinical reasoners tend to use hypothetico-deductive reasoning more often than the other strategies.
-	*[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam| Occam's razor: Wikipedia]]	+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam| Occam's razor: Wikipedia]
	**When you have two competing theories that make exactly the same predictions, the simpler one is the better		**When you have two competing theories that make exactly the same predictions, the simpler one is the better
-	*[[Sutton's law: Wikipedia|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton's_law]]	+	*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton's_law| Sutton's law: Wikipedia]
	**Go where the money is		**Go where the money is
	**Consider the most likely conditions that the patient might have and do those tests first that have the highest liklihood of making the diagnosis the quickest and at the least expense		**Consider the most likely conditions that the patient might have and do those tests first that have the highest liklihood of making the diagnosis the quickest and at the least expense
	**Negative finding in a test with a high sensitivity ''rules out'' a diagnosis		**Negative finding in a test with a high sensitivity ''rules out'' a diagnosis
	**Positive finding in a test with a high specificity ''rules in'' a diagnosis		**Positive finding in a test with a high specificity ''rules in'' a diagnosis
-	<<<	+	*[http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/355/21/2217| NEJM: Educational Strategies to Promote Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning]
-	NEJM: [[Educational Strategies to Promote Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning|http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/355/21/2217]]	+	*[http://www.im.org/Publications/PhysiciansInTraining/Documents/Primer2ndEd.pdf| Primer to the Internal Medicine Clerkship]
-	[[Primer to the Internal Medicine Clerkship|http://www.im.org/Publications/PhysiciansInTraining/Documents/Primer2ndEd.pdf]]	+	*[http://www.geocities.com/davidscerri/contents.html|Differential Diagnoses in General Medicine|]
-	[[Differential Diagnoses in General Medicine|http://www.geocities.com/davidscerri/contents.html]]	+	*[http://en.diagnosispro.com/differential_diagnosis/home/| DiagnosisPro]
-	[[DiagnosisPro|http://en.diagnosispro.com/differential_diagnosis/home/]]	+	*[http://www.accessmedicine.com/diag.aspx| McGraw-Hill’s Diagnosaurus 2.0 on AccessMedicine]
-	[[McGraw-Hill’s Diagnosaurus 2.0 on AccessMedicine|http://www.accessmedicine.com/diag.aspx]]	+	*[http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/338/jun08_2/b1860?view=long&pmid=19505957| BMJ 2009;338:b1860: Errors in clinical reasoning: causes and remedial strategies]
-	BMJ 2009;338:b1860: [[Errors in clinical reasoning: causes and remedial strategies|http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/338/jun08_2/b1860?view=long&pmid=19505957]]	+	*[https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1607551X08701311/1-s2.0-S1607551X08701311-main.pdf?_tid=0fa3962d-eae5-4be9-8e61-b281bfabdf77&acdnat=1521019662_8f53f85db7fd3d675a663408be840d29| Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2008;24:341: Current Trends in Developing Medical Students' Critical Thinking Abilities]
-	Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2008;24:341: [[Current Trends in Developing Medical Students' Critical Thinking Abilities|http://ajws.elsevier.com/ajws3/abstract.asp?art_id=4564&art_journals=1]]	+
-	<<<	+

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當前修訂版本

• 1. Hypothetico-deductive (backward) reasoning
• 2. Algorithmic (forward) reasoning
• 3. Pattern recognition
  • Expert diagnosticians tend to use pattern recognition and algorithmic thinking, but return to hypothetico-deductive reasoning if the first two strategies are unsuccessful. Novice clinical reasoners tend to use hypothetico-deductive reasoning more often than the other strategies.
• Occam's razor: Wikipedia
  • When you have two competing theories that make exactly the same predictions, the simpler one is the better
• Sutton's law: Wikipedia
  • Go where the money is
  • Consider the most likely conditions that the patient might have and do those tests first that have the highest liklihood of making the diagnosis the quickest and at the least expense
  • Negative finding in a test with a high sensitivity rules out a diagnosis
  • Positive finding in a test with a high specificity rules in a diagnosis
• NEJM: Educational Strategies to Promote Clinical Diagnostic Reasoning
• Primer to the Internal Medicine Clerkship
• Diagnoses in General Medicine|
• DiagnosisPro
• McGraw-Hill’s Diagnosaurus 2.0 on AccessMedicine
• BMJ 2009;338:b1860: Errors in clinical reasoning: causes and remedial strategies
• Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2008;24:341: Current Trends in Developing Medical Students' Critical Thinking Abilities