第十四講:The Cutaneous Senses
出自KMU Wiki
(修訂版本間差異)
在2014年1月15日 (三) 00:49所做的修訂版本 (編輯) Woody (對話 | 貢獻) (→觸覺的重要性) ←上一個 |
在2014年1月15日 (三) 01:04所做的修訂版本 (編輯) (撤銷) Woody (對話 | 貢獻) (→觸覺的重要性) 下一個→ |
||
第14行: | 第14行: | ||
***culturally specific | ***culturally specific | ||
- | + | ==觸覺特性== | |
*Reality(真實) | *Reality(真實) | ||
*complex abilities | *complex abilities | ||
第37行: | 第37行: | ||
*vibrate | *vibrate | ||
**200Hz最佳 | **200Hz最佳 | ||
+ | ===receptor properties接受器特性=== | ||
+ | *temporal (時間) | ||
+ | *slowly adapting(慢適應) (SA) fibers | ||
+ | *rapidly adapting (快適應)(RA) fibers | ||
+ | *spatial (空間) | ||
+ | *Punctate(點狀) fibers | ||
+ | *Diffuse(擴散)fibers | ||
+ | ====四種組合==== | ||
+ | *SA-diffuse | ||
+ | *SA-punctate | ||
+ | *RA-diffuse (PC, Pacinian corpuscle) | ||
+ | *RA-punctate | ||
+ | ====receptor of touch==== | ||
+ | *Meissner corpuscles | ||
+ | *Pacinian corpuscles | ||
+ | *Merkel disks | ||
+ | *Ruffini endings | ||
+ | *free nerve endings | ||
===Receptors=== | ===Receptors=== | ||
第44行: | 第62行: | ||
[[Image:14.2.jpg]] | [[Image:14.2.jpg]] | ||
- | ===Somatosensory cortex=== | + | ====Somatosensory cortex==== |
[[Image:14.3.jpg]] | [[Image:14.3.jpg]] | ||
- | ===homunculus=== | + | ====homunculus==== |
*一個小人 | *一個小人 | ||
[[Image:14.4.jpg]] | [[Image:14.4.jpg]] | ||
- | ===somatosensory cortex=== | + | ====somatosensory cortex==== |
*rat | *rat | ||
*注意whiskers | *注意whiskers | ||
第59行: | 第77行: | ||
[[Image:14.6.jpg]] | [[Image:14.6.jpg]] | ||
- | + | ==Braille alphabet== | |
[[Image:14.7.jpg]] | [[Image:14.7.jpg]] | ||
第73行: | 第91行: | ||
[[Image:14.10.jpg]] | [[Image:14.10.jpg]] | ||
- | + | ==Measuring Tactile Acuity== | |
[[Image:14.11.jpg]] | [[Image:14.11.jpg]] | ||
第104行: | 第122行: | ||
[[Image:14.18.jpg]] | [[Image:14.18.jpg]] | ||
- | ===Two point threshold=== | + | ====Two point threshold==== |
[[Image:14.19.jpg]] | [[Image:14.19.jpg]] | ||
- | ===Receptive field and cortex=== | + | ====Receptive field and cortex==== |
[[Image:14.20.jpg]] | [[Image:14.20.jpg]] | ||
- | ===Perceiving Vibration=== | + | ====Perceiving Vibration==== |
[[Image:14.21.jpg]] | [[Image:14.21.jpg]] | ||
第116行: | 第134行: | ||
[[Image:14.22.jpg]] | [[Image:14.22.jpg]] | ||
- | ===Texture and vibration=== | + | ====Texture and vibration==== |
[[Image:14.23.jpg]] | [[Image:14.23.jpg]] | ||
第127行: | 第145行: | ||
[[Image:14.25.jpg]] | [[Image:14.25.jpg]] | ||
- | + | ==Thalamus receptive field== | |
[[Image:14.26.jpg]] | [[Image:14.26.jpg]] | ||
第152行: | 第170行: | ||
[[Image:14.33.jpg]] | [[Image:14.33.jpg]] | ||
- | ===針灸=== | + | ====針灸==== |
*針灸可能就是對於表皮深部或肌肉深部間的感受器予以刺激,誘使發出一種非痛覺性(即是不具痛覺的)傳導。 | *針灸可能就是對於表皮深部或肌肉深部間的感受器予以刺激,誘使發出一種非痛覺性(即是不具痛覺的)傳導。 | ||
*此種非痛覺性傳導曾興奮Aα型的粗大知覺神經,依門柵控制假說(gate control theory),而可將C型微細神經所傳來的痛覺信息阻遏住。 | *此種非痛覺性傳導曾興奮Aα型的粗大知覺神經,依門柵控制假說(gate control theory),而可將C型微細神經所傳來的痛覺信息阻遏住。 | ||
- | + | ==MYTHS about pain== | |
*acupuncture | *acupuncture | ||
**analgesia(止痛) | **analgesia(止痛) | ||
第165行: | 第183行: | ||
===Condition and pain=== | ===Condition and pain=== | ||
[[Image:14.34.jpg]] | [[Image:14.34.jpg]] | ||
+ | ===Hypnosis=== | ||
+ | [[Image:14.36.jpg]] | ||
===Pain matrix=== | ===Pain matrix=== | ||
[[Image:14.35.jpg]] | [[Image:14.35.jpg]] | ||
- | |||
- | ===Hypnosis=== | ||
- | [[Image:14.36.jpg]] | ||
===Physical / Hypnosis pain=== | ===Physical / Hypnosis pain=== | ||
第177行: | 第194行: | ||
===Chemicals in the Brain=== | ===Chemicals in the Brain=== | ||
[[Image:14.38.jpg]] | [[Image:14.38.jpg]] | ||
- | + | ===Pain and Placebo=== | |
+ | *placebo effect | ||
+ | ===Effect of Observing=== | ||
+ | *Keysers et. al. (2004) fMRI | ||
+ | *Meyer et. al. (2011) watching haptic | ||
+ | ===Empathy ??=== | ||
+ | *Singer et. al. (2004) | ||
===Pain in Social Situation=== | ===Pain in Social Situation=== | ||
*Empathy?? | *Empathy?? | ||
第187行: | 第210行: | ||
**p349 figure14.29 | **p349 figure14.29 | ||
- | [[ 知覺心理學 ]] | + | 返回[[知覺心理學]] |
在2014年1月15日 (三) 01:04所做的修訂版本
目錄 |
觸覺的重要性
- 最確實的感覺
- 全身最後的防護前哨
- 最強力的人際溝通
- 與發展也有關
觸覺人際溝通
- 社會溝通
- 西方vs東方
- culturally specific
- 西方vs東方
觸覺特性
- Reality(真實)
- complex abilities
- Helen Keller對外界的主要管道
- receptor
- Mechanoreceptors (機械感受器)
Touch qualities
- firmness
- 硬度—用壓的
- shape
- 形狀—尋求軌跡(用姆指與食指)
- smoothness
- 平滑度--滑過表面(用手掌)
sensitivity
- 最早測量
- Max Von Frey (1896)
- 用hair
- 最好lips,fingertips次之
- 最差背(back)腹部(stomach)
- vibrate
- 200Hz最佳
receptor properties接受器特性
- temporal (時間)
- slowly adapting(慢適應) (SA) fibers
- rapidly adapting (快適應)(RA) fibers
- spatial (空間)
- Punctate(點狀) fibers
- Diffuse(擴散)fibers
四種組合
- SA-diffuse
- SA-punctate
- RA-diffuse (PC, Pacinian corpuscle)
- RA-punctate
receptor of touch
- Meissner corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Merkel disks
- Ruffini endings
- free nerve endings
Receptors
觸覺神經通路
Somatosensory cortex
homunculus
- 一個小人
somatosensory cortex
- rat
- 注意whiskers
重覆刺激!
Braille alphabet
Braille
- Louis Braille在19世紀發明
- Braille好處
- 中文點字
Measuring Tactile Acuity
Receptor and Tactile Acuity
acuity
- touch acuity(觸覺解析度)
- two-point thresholds(兩點覺閾)
- two-point threshold
- 在finger <2mm
- forearm (前臂)~30mm
- back (背)~70mm
- Localization(定位)
- Sensitivity(敏感), acuity(解析), localization
Two Point Acuity
tactile stimulation
- 刺激形式與acuity
Two point threshold
Receptive field and cortex
Perceiving Vibration
Perceiving Texture
Texture and vibration
Exploratory Procedures (EPs)
- Haptics
Physiology of Tactile Object Perception
Thalamus receptive field
Receptive field in somatosensory cortex
Grasp in Parietal cortex
Tactile attention
Nociceptive receptors
Phantom limb
Gate control model
gate control theory cont.
- 由於按摩及振動等,Aβ粗纖維受到刺激後,使T細胞興奮,傳導至分支 的同時也使SG細胞興奮,於是到達T細胞前粗纖維和細纖維受到突觸前抑制(pre-synaptic inhibition),因此T細胞興奮受到抑制,不能傳導疼痛。
針灸
- 針灸可能就是對於表皮深部或肌肉深部間的感受器予以刺激,誘使發出一種非痛覺性(即是不具痛覺的)傳導。
- 此種非痛覺性傳導曾興奮Aα型的粗大知覺神經,依門柵控制假說(gate control theory),而可將C型微細神經所傳來的痛覺信息阻遏住。
MYTHS about pain
- acupuncture
- analgesia(止痛)
- Endorphins腦內啡
- inducing pain
- pain and weather
Condition and pain
Hypnosis
Pain matrix
Physical / Hypnosis pain
Chemicals in the Brain
Pain and Placebo
- placebo effect
Effect of Observing
- Keysers et. al. (2004) fMRI
- Meyer et. al. (2011) watching haptic
Empathy ??
- Singer et. al. (2004)
Pain in Social Situation
- Empathy??
- 蠢動含靈皆有佛性,科學家如是證明
- Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Rats
- 人腦
- p349 figure14.29
返回知覺心理學