第六講:物體知覺
出自KMU Wiki
(修訂版本間差異)
在2010年10月26日 (二) 15:23所做的修訂版本 (編輯) Sakurai (對話 | 貢獻) (新頁面: == Object perception== * What is Recognition? ** Re -> again ** Cogito -> to think *** Cogito ergo sum. (I think therefore I am.) **** Descarte(迪卡爾) ** Re-cognition -> reca...) ←上一個 |
當前修訂版本 (2010年10月26日 (二) 17:23) (編輯) (撤銷) Sakurai (對話 | 貢獻) |
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第32行: | 第32行: | ||
* Minsky結論 | * Minsky結論 | ||
** 視覺很難! | ** 視覺很難! | ||
- | Every days vision | ||
- | 各位在這景像中看到什麼? | ||
- | Every days vision 2 | ||
- | 我們有選擇性地看 | ||
- | Every days vision 3 | ||
- | 在一次fixation-shifting(注視移動) 花約1/3 sec. | ||
- | 每天有170,000次 fixation-shifting | ||
- | 一次fixation約花1/4 sec. | ||
- | 前一張圖為瀏覽10sec.的情況 | ||
- | 人造世界 | ||
- | computer generated image | ||
- | 人造世界2 | ||
- | 達利 超現實主義 | ||
- | Recognizing 3-D object | ||
- | 我們如何認得這些東西? | ||
- | 我們有很多理論 | ||
- | 代表沒定論:) | ||
- | + | === Every days vision === | |
- | + | * Every days vision | |
- | + | ** 我們有選擇性地看 | |
+ | * 在一次fixation-shifting(注視移動) 花約1/3 sec. | ||
+ | ** 每天有170,000次 fixation-shifting | ||
+ | ** 一次fixation約花1/4 sec. | ||
+ | ** 前一張圖為瀏覽10sec.的情況 | ||
+ | * 人造世界 | ||
+ | ** computer generated image | ||
+ | ** 達利 超現實主義 | ||
- | + | === Recognizing 3-D object === | |
- | + | * 我們如何認得這些東西? | |
- | + | ** 我們有很多理論 | |
- | + | *** 代表沒定論:) | |
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- | + | * 課本以其中兩種為例 | |
- | + | ** Recognition by components(由部件認識) | |
- | + | *** Biederman | |
- | View | + | ** View-based recognition(視線基礎的認識) |
- | + | *** Bulthoff et al. | |
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- | + | * Recognition by component | |
- | + | ** Geons (geometrical ions) | |
- | + | ** Nonaccidental properties(非偶發特性) | |
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- | + | * What's this? | |
- | + | * View-based recognition | |
- | + | ** Canonical view point(受試者轉動的角度) | |
- | + | ** 如何形成Canonical view point? | |
- | + | *** 是否因為在實際經驗中有過不同角度觀看? | |
- | + | ** Stone(1998) | |
- | + | *** Ameboid(似變形蟲的)structure | |
- | + | **** Task -> target or distractor | |
- | + | **** View movies of rotating ameboid in 3D | |
- | + | **** 結果隨著嘗試增加愈來愈快也愈來愈準 | |
- | + | **** 但若將影片反轉->表現馬上下降 | |
- | + | **** spatio-temporal information | |
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- | + | === Learning to see === | |
- | + | * 經驗 | |
- | + | ** Orientation discrimination(傾斜度辨別) | |
+ | ** Vernier acuity(游標視敏度) | ||
+ | ** Target and background(目標與背景) Karni and Sagi(1993) | ||
+ | ** Face recognition(臉形辨識) Gold, Bennett, & Sekuler (1999) | ||
+ | ** 辨識與視覺經驗 | ||
+ | * 腦內表現: | ||
+ | ** 利用PET (positron emission tomography) | ||
+ | *** 前面的圖 | ||
+ | *** Temporal lobe(顳葉) | ||
+ | **** Inferior – link with face and object recognition | ||
+ | *** Parietal lobe(頂葉) | ||
+ | **** Directing attention | ||
+ | *** IT的重要性 | ||
+ | ** Temporal pathway | ||
+ | *** IT (inferotemporal cortex(下顳葉)) | ||
+ | **** Huge receptive field | ||
+ | **** Complex selectivity | ||
+ | ***** Brush, face, plant,.... | ||
+ | **** 被遮蔽一部分不受影響 | ||
+ | **** 大小較沒有影響 | ||
+ | **** 處理需要時間 | ||
+ | **** .... | ||
+ | * perceptual discovery(知覺探索) | ||
+ | === Object Affordances === | ||
+ | * J.J. Gibson (1979) | ||
- | + | === Face recognition === | |
- | + | * 這是誰? | |
- | + | * face-inversion effect(臉形翻轉效果) | |
- | + | * hybrid face(混合臉) | |
- | + | * 表情 | |
- | + | ** 真笑、假笑 | |
- | + | * Prosopagnosia(相貌失認) | |
+ | ** prosop—personal | ||
+ | ** agnosia—Greek 'without knowledge' | ||
+ | * 為何face在腦中特定區域?(兩種失認情況) | ||
+ | ** Configural processing(組態處理) | ||
+ | ** Featural processing(特徵處理) | ||
+ | * Greebles | ||
+ | ** 人造臉--greebles | ||
+ | === Attention and object recognition === | ||
+ | * Egly, Driver and Rafal(1994) | ||
+ | * Change blindness(變盲) | ||
+ | ** Inattentional blindness(無注意視盲)加映兩場 | ||
+ | === Imagery === | ||
+ | * Imagery 心像 | ||
+ | ** Image內在歷程? | ||
+ | ** 發生在大腦當中 | ||
+ | ** 在大腦的何處? | ||
+ | ** ..... | ||
+ | * Kosslyn的實驗 | ||
+ | ** 利用fMRI | ||
+ | *** V1 最活躍 | ||
+ | ** TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)干擾V1 | ||
+ | *** 對實際視覺有影響 | ||
+ | *** 對imagery無影響 | ||
+ | * What dose visual imagery look like? | ||
+ | ** 可能是比較粗略(low spatial frequency) | ||
- | + | === Temporary failure === | |
- | Temporary failure | + | * 看東西是問題解決的過程 |
- | 看東西是問題解決的過程 | + | * recognition time for 6.22c |
+ | * Reading X-rays | ||
+ | * X-rays in airport | ||
+ | === Reading === | ||
+ | * reading要學習的,也要天份的 | ||
+ | ** alexia—without reading缺少閱讀能力 | ||
+ | * 閱讀與eye movement | ||
+ | ** Fixation | ||
+ | ** Saccade | ||
+ | *** 順向、逆向 | ||
+ | ** 工具 | ||
+ | *** 眼球運動追蹤儀 | ||
+ | * Rayner的實驗 | ||
+ | ** Masking at fixating | ||
+ | *** 閱讀困難 | ||
+ | * Cattell的實驗 | ||
+ | ** Redundancy of reading | ||
+ | * Word superiority effect | ||
+ | ** Johnston and McClelland (1973) | ||
+ | *** 中央/週邊視與閱讀 | ||
+ | **** 1個字母90%正確但閱讀慢,7~9字母就沒錯誤但仍比正常慢 | ||
+ | * 可能的閱讀歷程 | ||
+ | ** 以下的是可能歷程 | ||
+ | * 閱讀的先天性與後天性 | ||
+ | ** 你的預期與經驗 | ||
+ | * 斷詞 | ||
+ | ** Unlikewhites,theycan'thidebehindapalatenumbingchill. | ||
+ | ** Unlike whites, they can't hide behind a palate numbing chill. | ||
+ | * 不同語言間的差異性 | ||
+ | ** 台灣心理學會沒前途 | ||
+ | *** 台灣 心理學會 沒前途 | ||
+ | *** 台灣心理學 會 沒前途 | ||
- | 請寫下你看到什麼? | ||
- | Temporary failure 3 | ||
- | 看東西是問題解決的過程 | ||
- | + | [[ 知覺心理學 | 回上頁 ]] | |
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當前修訂版本
目錄 |
[編輯] Object perception
- What is Recognition?
- Re -> again
- Cogito -> to think
- Cogito ergo sum. (I think therefore I am.)
- Descarte(迪卡爾)
- Cogito ergo sum. (I think therefore I am.)
- Re-cognition -> recalling to mind
- Martian landscape
- Human vision(人類視覺)
- 我們的視覺能力是超強的!
- 課本例子
- 前面的火星表面
- 在第四台轉電台
- ..........
[編輯] = Machine Vision (機器視覺)
- Marvin Minsky (MIT AI Lab)
- 視覺是很困難的!
- Marvin Minsky (MIT AI Lab)作了什麼?
- 有陰影的積木排列
- 抽離出可能的邊界情況
- 整理邊界交接的可能形式
- 並計算各種可能性
- 這樣前後花了十餘年的時間
- 參與其中的是來自世界各地的博士級的研究人員
- 人數共有幾十位,經費更不計其數
- Minsky結論
- 視覺很難!
[編輯] Every days vision
- Every days vision
- 我們有選擇性地看
- 在一次fixation-shifting(注視移動) 花約1/3 sec.
- 每天有170,000次 fixation-shifting
- 一次fixation約花1/4 sec.
- 前一張圖為瀏覽10sec.的情況
- 人造世界
- computer generated image
- 達利 超現實主義
[編輯] Recognizing 3-D object
- 我們如何認得這些東西?
- 我們有很多理論
- 代表沒定論:)
- 我們有很多理論
- 課本以其中兩種為例
- Recognition by components(由部件認識)
- Biederman
- View-based recognition(視線基礎的認識)
- Bulthoff et al.
- Recognition by components(由部件認識)
- Recognition by component
- Geons (geometrical ions)
- Nonaccidental properties(非偶發特性)
- What's this?
- View-based recognition
- Canonical view point(受試者轉動的角度)
- 如何形成Canonical view point?
- 是否因為在實際經驗中有過不同角度觀看?
- Stone(1998)
- Ameboid(似變形蟲的)structure
- Task -> target or distractor
- View movies of rotating ameboid in 3D
- 結果隨著嘗試增加愈來愈快也愈來愈準
- 但若將影片反轉->表現馬上下降
- spatio-temporal information
- Ameboid(似變形蟲的)structure
[編輯] Learning to see
- 經驗
- Orientation discrimination(傾斜度辨別)
- Vernier acuity(游標視敏度)
- Target and background(目標與背景) Karni and Sagi(1993)
- Face recognition(臉形辨識) Gold, Bennett, & Sekuler (1999)
- 辨識與視覺經驗
- 腦內表現:
- 利用PET (positron emission tomography)
- 前面的圖
- Temporal lobe(顳葉)
- Inferior – link with face and object recognition
- Parietal lobe(頂葉)
- Directing attention
- IT的重要性
- Temporal pathway
- IT (inferotemporal cortex(下顳葉))
- Huge receptive field
- Complex selectivity
- Brush, face, plant,....
- 被遮蔽一部分不受影響
- 大小較沒有影響
- 處理需要時間
- ....
- IT (inferotemporal cortex(下顳葉))
- 利用PET (positron emission tomography)
- perceptual discovery(知覺探索)
[編輯] Object Affordances
- J.J. Gibson (1979)
[編輯] Face recognition
- 這是誰?
- face-inversion effect(臉形翻轉效果)
- hybrid face(混合臉)
- 表情
- 真笑、假笑
- Prosopagnosia(相貌失認)
- prosop—personal
- agnosia—Greek 'without knowledge'
- 為何face在腦中特定區域?(兩種失認情況)
- Configural processing(組態處理)
- Featural processing(特徵處理)
- Greebles
- 人造臉--greebles
[編輯] Attention and object recognition
- Egly, Driver and Rafal(1994)
- Change blindness(變盲)
- Inattentional blindness(無注意視盲)加映兩場
[編輯] Imagery
- Imagery 心像
- Image內在歷程?
- 發生在大腦當中
- 在大腦的何處?
- .....
- Kosslyn的實驗
- 利用fMRI
- V1 最活躍
- TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)干擾V1
- 對實際視覺有影響
- 對imagery無影響
- 利用fMRI
- What dose visual imagery look like?
- 可能是比較粗略(low spatial frequency)
[編輯] Temporary failure
- 看東西是問題解決的過程
- recognition time for 6.22c
- Reading X-rays
- X-rays in airport
[編輯] Reading
- reading要學習的,也要天份的
- alexia—without reading缺少閱讀能力
- 閱讀與eye movement
- Fixation
- Saccade
- 順向、逆向
- 工具
- 眼球運動追蹤儀
- Rayner的實驗
- Masking at fixating
- 閱讀困難
- Masking at fixating
- Cattell的實驗
- Redundancy of reading
- Word superiority effect
- Johnston and McClelland (1973)
- 中央/週邊視與閱讀
- 1個字母90%正確但閱讀慢,7~9字母就沒錯誤但仍比正常慢
- 中央/週邊視與閱讀
- Johnston and McClelland (1973)
- 可能的閱讀歷程
- 以下的是可能歷程
- 閱讀的先天性與後天性
- 你的預期與經驗
- 斷詞
- Unlikewhites,theycan'thidebehindapalatenumbingchill.
- Unlike whites, they can't hide behind a palate numbing chill.
- 不同語言間的差異性
- 台灣心理學會沒前途
- 台灣 心理學會 沒前途
- 台灣心理學 會 沒前途
- 台灣心理學會沒前途